Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, in Lower Austria Volume 3 (BUFM 101)

This book is devoted to publishing the ceramics from the Brunn 4 site and some problems of the Early Linear Pottery culture (Early LPC). Chronologically, Brunn 4 was the third site among the early LPC settlements near Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz.
The main part of the materials from the Brunn 2 and 3 sites have already been published.1 This book consists of two parts. The first of them includes ceramic materials of the Brunn 4 site. The second part is devoted to rethinking materials of the Early LPC on the background of the numerous collections of the sites near Brunn am Gebirge. The Brunn materials have demonstrated a unique sequence of the sites with clear complexes of the main stages of the Early LPC. Together with our image data base Montelius, it gives us the possibility of defining the periodisation of the Early LPC more precisely. We used a seriation of the main part of the published sites for a better understanding of the placement of the Brunn 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 sites among other early sites of this culture.
We were lucky enough to have the chance to work with some of the Early LPC collections and create our own impressions of the materials, which represent a valuable addition to previously published data. We are very grateful to Eva Lenneis and Ernst Lauermann for the possibility of introducing us to the materials from Strögen. Eszter Bánffy helped us view some pots from Szentgyörgyvölgy Pityerdomb.
László András Horváth showed us the Zalaegerszeg Andráshida and Budapest sites. Thanks to Juraj Pavúk, we were able to work with the materials of the Bíňa, Hurbanovo, Milanovce and Bernolákovo sites. Sławomir Kadrow gave us the chance to see some Early LPC collections in Poland.
Due to Jens Lüning, we have seen the Schwanfeld collection. Tessa Engelbrecht helped us to be introduced to materials from the Bruchenbrücken and Frankfurt Niedereschbach sites. 1 Stadler/Kotova 2019; Stadler/Kotova 2021; Minnich 2022.
Hans-Christoph Strien showed us materials from Oedheim, Rottenburg Hailfingen, and Stuttgart Mühlhausen Viesenhäuser Hof. During our work with the Early LPC materials, we had very interesting and important discussions with Juraj Pavúk and Hans-Christoph Strien.


Table of Contents

Chapter 1. The Brunn 4 Site

Chapter 2. Technological Aspects and Shapes of the Pottery
2.1. Technology
2.1.1. Surfaces and Cross-Sections of the Pottery
2.1.2. Fabric
2.2. Typology
2.2.1. Used Terminology
2.2.2. The Brunn 4 Pottery Set

Chapter 3. Ornamentation of Pottery
3.1. Decoration of the Vessel Body
3.1.1. Linear Ornamentation
3.1.2. Incisions
3.1.3. Pits
3.1.4. Plastic Bands with Finger Pits
3.1.5. Black Paint (?)
3.1.6. Combination of Different Elements of Ornamentation
3.1.7. Secondary Elements of Decoration
3.2. Decoration of Rims
3.3. Knobs
3.3.1. Shapes of Knobs
3.4. Decoration of Different Ceramic Groups
3.4.1. Decoration of Amphorae
3.4.2. Decoration of Biconical Vessels
3.4.3. Decoration of High Bowls
3.4.4. Decoration of Low Bowls and Plates
3.4.5. Decoration of Globular Vessels
3.4.6. Decoration of Pots with a Neck
3.4.7. Decoration of Vessels with a Pedestal

Chapter 4. Brunn 4 and Previous Brunn 2 and 3 Sites
4.1. Technology and Shape of Pottery
4.2. Decoration

Chapter 5. Unusual Ceramic Objects
5.1. Possible Fragments of an Idol
5.2. The Handle in the shape of a Goat’s Head
5.3. Fragments of Vessels with Tall Feet
5.4. The Altar with Two Necks
5.5. The Pot with a Spout
5.6. Possible Black Paint

Chapter 6. The Seriation of the Brunn and Early Linear Pottery Sites
6.1. Database for a Seriation of the Early Linear Pottery Culture Sites
6.2. Description of the Seriation of the Early LPC Sites and their Periodisation
6.3. The Formative Phase
6.4. The Milanovce Phase
6.4.1. The Early Stage of the Milanovce Phase
6.4.2. The Late Stage of the Milanovce Phase
6.5. The Flomborn-Zofipole Phase

Chapter 7. Correspondence Analysis of the Early Linear Pottery Culture Sites
7.1. Correspondence Analysis for Types of Knobs, Decoration, and Shapes of Vessels
7.2. Correspondence Analysis for the Linear Pottery Sites
7.3. Conclusions

Chapter 8. The N Next Neighbours Analysis and Variants of the Early Linear Pottery Culture
8.1. The N Next Neighbours Analysis
8.2. N Next Neighbours Analysis for the Formative and Milanovce Phases of the Early Linear Pottery Culture
8.3. The Combination of the Results of the Correspondence and the N Next Neighbours Analysis
8.4. Conclusions

Chapter 9. Formation and Transformation of the Early Linear Pottery Culture
9.1. The Formation of the Early Linear Pottery Culture
9.2. The Transition to the Early Milanovce Subphase
9.3. The Formation of the Late Milanovce Subphase
9.4. Conclusions

Chapter 10. Cultural-Historical Situation in the Second Part of the 6th Millennium BC and the Linear Pottery Culture
10.1. The Linear Pottery Culture and the Vinča Cultural Circle
10.2. The Expansion of the Linear Pottery Culture
10.3. Reconstructed Elements of the Early LPC Economy
10.3.1. Agriculture
10.3.2. Cattle-Breading and Hunting
10.4. Reconstructed Elements of the Early LPC Social Structure

Chapter 11. Plates

Chapter 12. Conclusions

Chapter 13. Schlussfolgerungen

Chapter 14. Висновки

Chapter 15: Authors and their E-Mail Addresses

Chapter 16. Literature

Chapter 17. Colour Photos from the Excavation of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 4